What is Cancer?

Cancer occurs when cells in the body grow in an uncontrolled or abnormal way. These abnormal cells can form masses (tumours) or affect organs, blood, or tissues.

Tumours may be:

• Benign (not spreading to other areas)

• Malignant (capable of spreading to other parts of the body)

The behaviour and outlook vary greatly depending on the type of cancer and where it is located.

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Which Pets Are Affected?

Cancer can affect pets of any age, but it is more commonly diagnosed in:

• Senior dogs and cats

• Certain breeds with genetic predispositions

• Pets with previous exposure to risk factors such as chronic inflammation

Each pet’s situation is unique, and a diagnosis does not automatically mean poor quality of life.

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Common Signs of Cancer

Signs of cancer vary widely and may develop gradually. They can include:

• Lumps or swellings that grow or change

• Weight loss or loss of appetite

• Lethargy or reduced enjoyment of activities

• Persistent pain or lameness

• Non-healing wounds

• Vomiting or diarrhoea

• Difficulty breathing or coughing

• Changes in toileting habits

Because these signs can also occur with other conditions, veterinary assessment is essential.

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Diagnosis and Veterinary Support

Your veterinarian may investigate cancer through:

• Physical examination

• Blood tests

• Imaging such as X-rays or ultrasound

• Sampling or biopsy of masses or affected tissue

Once a diagnosis is made, your vet can explain the type of cancer, likely progression, and what treatment or supportive options may be available.

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Treatment and Management Options

Treatment depends on the type and stage of cancer, as well as your pet’s overall health. Options may include:

• Surgery

• Chemotherapy or radiation therapy

• Pain management and anti-inflammatory medications

• Palliative (comfort-focused) care

• Nutritional and supportive therapies

Not all cancers require aggressive treatment. For many families, the focus is on comfort, quality of life, and time together, rather than cure.

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Living With a Pet With Cancer

Pets often cope better than we expect. Many continue to enjoy food, affection, gentle activity, and family interaction while receiving treatment or palliative care.

Open communication with your veterinarian helps ensure pain, nausea, and other symptoms are managed as effectively as possible.

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Quality of Life Considerations

As cancer progresses, some pets may experience increasing discomfort, fatigue, or loss of enjoyment in daily life. Regular quality-of-life assessments with your vet can help guide decisions and adjustments to care.

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When Comfort Becomes the Priority

There may come a time when cancer can no longer be controlled in a way that keeps your pet comfortable. When treatments are no longer helping, or when symptoms begin to outweigh good days, shifting focus to comfort and dignity is often the kindest choice.

Your regular veterinarian can help you understand when this point may be approaching and discuss end-of-life care options, including the possibility of a peaceful euthanasia at home.

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We’re Here to Support You

If you are reading this while facing difficult decisions about your pet’s health or quality of life, please know that you are not alone. We work alongside your regular veterinarian to support pets and families with compassion, respect, and care.

If you would like to talk through your concerns or ask questions about home euthanasia, we are here to listen.